Oil lamps, or a lychnus, from the Greek λυχνος, were commonplace throughout the Roman Empire, and were used for domestic, public, and religious purposes. These included funeral ceremonies, lighting up businesses, and creating ‘special effects’ at the theatre. The oldest Roman lamps date back to the third century BC, and it is thought that they were influenced by the Southern Italic style. These were more enclosed than their predecessors, allowing for further decoration on the discus. The vast trade networks set with the expansion of the Roman Empire allowed this item to be spread across Europe, Eastern Asia and Northern Africa, which led to the development of several provincial variations.
Erotic scenes were an exceedingly popular depiction on oil lamps, making up the largest repertoire. Most scenes are heterosexual in nature, but some lamps also depict more vivid situations. It was not uncommon to see homosexual interaction depicted, scenarios between dwarf entertainers, and bestiality.
To discover more about the ancient origins of oil lamps, visit our relevant post: Oil Lamps in Antiquity.